Understanding specific breeds’ unique health challenges is crucial for their well-being and longevity. Certain breeds are predisposed to particular health conditions, either because of faulty genes or a breed’s physical traits, which can influence their care needs. The Advanced Veterinary Medical Center team wants pet owners to understand specific breeds’ health risks to provide appropriate preventive care and plan for potential future health needs.

1. Hip dysplasia in pets

Hip dysplasia is a malformation in the hip joint that leads to abnormal forces and arthritis development at an early age. Hip dysplasia previously was thought to primarily affect large dog breeds, such as German Shepherds and Labrador retrievers, but the condition is also prevalent in many small- and medium-breed dogs. Signs include difficulty rising, reluctance to run or jump, and an abnormal gait. Management may require surgery, medications, supplements, physical therapy, and weight loss.

2. Brachycephalic airway syndrome in pets

Brachycephalic breeds, such as bulldogs, pugs, and Persian cats, have short noses and large, round eyes. Their face shape means these breeds are prone to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), characterized by snoring, noisy or labored breathing, and heat intolerance. Owners can manage their pet’s symptoms by avoiding strenuous exercise and hot environments, but surgery may be necessary in severe cases. Brachycephalic pets are also prone to eye disorders and skin fold infections, because of their face shape.

3. Progressive retinal atrophy in dogs

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive blindness in pets. Many dog breeds are affected by various versions of PRA, in which the light-detecting rod and cone cells in the retina deteriorate. Early signs include night blindness and dilated pupils, followed by a slow progression to complete blindness. PRA cannot be corrected, but the condition is painless, and most blind dogs maintain a high quality of life.

4. Mitral valve disease in dogs

Cavalier King Charles spaniels and dachshunds are notably susceptible to mitral valve disease, which begins with heart valve degeneration and can progress to complete heart failure. In many dogs, progression is slow and does not cause significant problems, but some breeds develop more serious disease earlier in life. Signs include a heart murmur, coughing, fatigue, and rapid respiratory rate. Early medication intervention can help manage the condition, improve quality of life, and slow progression.

5. Polycystic kidney disease in cats

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary condition seen more frequently in cats than in dogs. PKD leads to fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys that cause eventual organ failure. Symptoms in young and middle-aged pets may include increased thirst, frequent urination, lethargy, weight loss, or vomiting. PKD is not curable but may be managed for a few months to years with diet and medications. 

6. Epilepsy in dogs

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in dogs that is more frequently seen in beagles, dachshunds, boxers, and many other breeds. This brain condition causes recurrent seizures, which can vary in frequency and severity. Seizures can be scary for pet owners to watch, but keeping detailed records of each seizure can help with diagnosis and treatment. Managing epilepsy requires anticonvulsant medications, regular veterinary monitoring, and lifestyle changes to reduce stress. 

A veterinarian gently pats a brown and white dog on the head. The dog's eyes look up affectionately toward the person. The scene is lit by soft, natural light.

7. Degenerative myelopathy in dogs

Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive spinal cord disease that affects many dog breeds but is most commonly seen in German shepherds and boxers. DM leads to hind limb weakness and paralysis around six to 12 months after signs begin. Like Lou Gehrig’s disease (ALS) in people, DM does not have a cure, but management with physical therapy and supportive care can help.

8. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in pets

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart disease prevalent in Maine coon and ragdoll cats, and Dobermans, boxers, and other large-breed dogs. HCM causes the heart walls to thicken and stiffen and eventually leads to heart failure. Pets with HCM have a heart murmur and may develop lethargy, difficulty breathing, or collapse episodes. Like other heart diseases, medications can slow the progression and manage HCM signs.

Understanding the breed-specific and genetic health conditions that may affect your pet is vital for facilitating proactive care, testing, and early interventions. Regular check-ups with our Advanced Veterinary Medical Center team can identify breed-related health problems. Contact us to schedule a visit or discuss an individualized care plan to address your pet’s health needs.